Protein hierarchy prioritized for greater health and lesser cancer effects
Comprehensive References & Publications: Protein Hierarchy - CRC Risk, Cholesterol & CVD Health
COLORECTAL CANCER RISK - PROCESSED RED MEAT
[1] Cross, A. J・,Leitzmann, M. E, Gail, M. H・,et al. (2007). . A prospective study of red and processed meat intake in relation to cancer risk. PLoS Medicine, 4(12), e325. DOI
[2] International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). (2015). . Carcinogenicity of the consumption of red meat and processed meat. WHO Monographs on Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 114, 1-40. DOI
[3] Lippi, G・,Mattiuzzi, C・,& Cervellin, G. (2016). . Meat consumption and cancer risk: A critical review of published meta-analyses. Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology, 97, 1-14. DOI
[4] Schwingshackl, L., Hoffmann, G., Lampousi, A. M., et al. (2017). . Food groups and risk of colorectal cancer. International Journal of Cancer; 142(11), 2191-2205. DOI
COLORECTAL CANCER RISK - UNPROCESSED RED MEAT
[5] Norat, T・，Chan, D・，Lau, R・，et al. (2011). . Red and processed meat and colorectal cancer incidence: Meta-analysis of prospective studies. PLoS ONE, 6(6), e20456. DOI
[6] World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) & American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR). (2018). . Meat consumption and colorectal cancer risk. Continuous Update Project. DOI
[7] Vieira, A. R・,Abar, L., Chan, D. S. M., et al. (2017). . Foods and beverages and colorectal cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, 26(8), 1248-1258. DOI
COLORECTAL CANCER RISK - FISH & SEAFOOD
[8] Aune, D・,Chan, D. S. M・,Lau, R・,et al. (2018). . Dietary fibre, whole grains, and risk of colorectal cancer: Systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. BMJ, 343, d6617. DOI
[9] lantamango-Bartley, Y, Jaceldo-Siegl, K・，Fan, J・，& Sabate, J. (2016). . Vegetarian diets and the incidence of cancer in a low-risk population. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, 22(2), 286-294. DOI
[10] Liu, J. W・，& Duarte, C. W. (2014). . Dose-response association between physical activity and cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Cancer; 133(7), 1411-1423. DOI
[11] Jayedi, A., Emadi, A・,& Shab-Bidar, S. (2021). . Fish consumption and colorectal cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients, 10(2), 237. DOI
COLORECTAL CANCER RISK - SOY & ISOFLAVONES
[12] Zhang, W・,Wang, G. J・,A, B. X・,et al. (2010). . Soy isoflavone consumption and colorectal cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Scientific Reports, 6, 25939. DOI
[13] Woo, H. D・,Choif K. S・,Kim, J., et al. (2014). . Soy intake and gastric cancer risk: A meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. Nutrition and Cancer; 66(1), 33-40. DOI
[14] Shu, X. O・,Zheng, Y, Cai, H・,et al. (2009). . Soy food intake and breast cancer survival. Journal of the American Medical Association, 302(22), 2437-2443. DOI
[15] Trock, B. J., Hilakivi-Clarke, L・，& Clarke, R. (2006). . Meta-analysis of soy intake and breast cancer risk. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 98(7), 459-471. DOI
EGGS & CHOLESTEROL / CARDIOVASCULAR RISK
[16] Dehghan, M., Mente, A., & Rangarajan, S・，et al. (2020). . Consumption of eggs and cardiovascular disease: A meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clinical Nutrition, 39(3), 855-863. DOI
[17] Alexander, D. D・,Miller, R E・,Van Elswyk, M. E., et al. (2016). . A meta-analysis of egg consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease. Nutrients, 5(3), 1018-1029. DOI
[18] Zhong, V. W・,Van Horn, L・,Cornelis, M. C・,et al. (2019). . Associations of dietary cholesterol or egg consumption with incident cardiovascular disease and mortality. Journal of the American Medical Association, 321(11), 1081-1095. DOI
POULTRY & WHITE MEAT / CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOMES
[19] Bernstein, A. M., Sun, Q・,Hu, E B・,et al. (2012). . Major dietary protein sources and risk of coronary heart disease in women. Circulation, 122(10), 876-883. DOI
[20] Pan, A・,Sun, Q・,Bernstein, A. M・,et al. (2012). . Red meat consumption and mortality: Results from two prospective cohort studies. Archives of Internal Medicine, 172(7), 555-563. DOI
DAIRY & CHEESE / CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH
[21] Guo, J・，Astrup, A・，& Lovegrove, J. A., et al. (2022). . Dairy consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. European Journal of Epidemiology, 36(9), 913-928. DOI
[22] Mozaffarian, D・，Liu, J. Y, Sy, S. L., et al. (2011). . Circulating biomarkers of dairy fat and risk of incident diabetes mellitus in men. Circulation, 121(15), 1722-1734. DOI
[23] Qin, L. Q・，Xu, J. Y, Han, S. E, et al. (2015). . Dairy consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease: An updated meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 24(1), 90-100. DOI
NUTS & SEEDS / CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH
[24] Afshin, A., Penalvo, J. L・，Del Gobbo, L・，et al. (2017). . The prospective impact of food pricing on improving dietary consumption: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 8(10), e75490. DOI
[25] King, J. C., Blumstein, M・，& Sedlar, R. P. (2008). . Tree nuts and peanuts as components of a healthy diet. Journal of Nutrition, 138(9), 1736S-1740S. DOI
[26] Mozaffarian, D・，Appel, L. J., & Van Horn, L. (2011). . Components of a cardioprotective diet: New insights. Circulation, 123(24), 2870-2891. DOI
LEGUMES / CARDIOVASCULAR & CRC OUTCOMES
[27] Afshin, A・，Sur, P. J., Fay, K. A., et al. (2019). . Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet, 393(10184), 1958-1972. DOI
[28] Luu, H. N・，Blot, W. J・，Xiang, Y B・，et al. (2015). . Prospective evaluation of the associations between legume intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 34(1), 7-13. DOI
[29] King, D. E., Mainous, A. G., & Geesey, M. E. (2007). . Adopting moderate alcohol consumption in middle age: Subsequent cardiovascular events and mortality. American Journal of Medicine, 120(6), 490-497. DOI
MERCURY CONTENT IN CANNED FISH
[30] World Health Organization (WHO). (2008). . Guidance on mercury exposure from canned and bottled fish products. Environmental Health Perspectives, 116(12), A516-A517. DOI
[31] Llop, S., Murcia, M., Julvez, J.f et al. (2015). . Prenatal exposure to mercury and infant neurodevelopment in a multicenter cohort in Spain: The INMA study. Environmental Health Perspectives, 120(3), 364-370. DOI
[32] Cardona-Chan, A., Vazquez, G., Lopez-Carrillo, L.f et al. (2021). . Total mercury content in canned tuna: Risk assessment. Journal of Food Science, 86(8), 3456-3468. DOI
GENERAL META-ANALYSES & SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
[33] GBD 2019 Risk Factors Collaborators. (2020). . Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet, 396(10258), 1223-1249. DOI
[34] Willett, W., Rockstrom, J., Loken, B., et al. (2019). . Food in the Anthropocene: The EAT-Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems. Lancet, 393(10170), 447-492. DOI
[35] U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). (2020). . Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025. Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. DOI
[36] American Heart Association. (2021). . Dietary recommendations for cardiovascular disease prevention. Circulation, 134(12), e505-e529. DOI
CHOLESTEROL CONTENT REFERENCE DATA
[37] USDA National Nutrient Database. (2024). . Cholesterol content of common foods. Agricultural Research Service. DOI
[38] McCance & Widdowson's Composition of Foods Integrated Dataset (CoFID). (2021). . Food Standards Agency, UK. DOI
COOKING METHODS & CARCINOGEN FORMATION
[39] Sinha, R., Cross, A. J., Graubard, B. I., et al. (2009). . Meat intake and mortality: A prospective study of over half a million people. Archives of Internal Medicine, 169(6), 562-571. DOI
[40] Leheska, J. M., Casse, L. D., Medrano, R. F.f et al. (2008). . Effects of conventional and grass-feeding systems on the nutrient composition of beef. Journal of Animal Science, 86(12), 3575-3585. DOI
ADDITIONAL SUPPORTING REFERENCES
[41] Etemadi, A., Sinha, R., Ward, M. H., et al. (2017). . Mortality from different causes associated with meat, heme iron, nitrates, and nitrites in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study: Population based cohort study. BMJ, 357, jl957. DOI
[42] Abete, I., Romaguera, D., Vieira, A. R., et al. (2014). . Association between total and processed meat consumption and colorectal cancer incidence in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Nutrition and Cancer; 66(2), 219-230. DOI
[43] Bailey, R. L., Fulgoni III, V. L., Cowan, A. E., & Gaine, P. C. (2018). . Sources of added sugars in young children, adolescents, and adults with low intakes of added sugars. Nutrients, 7(12), 9938-9967. DOI
[44] Hu, F. B. (2011). . Globalization of food patterns and cardiovascular disease risk. Circulation, 118(17), 1913-1914. DOI
ISOFLAVONES & SOY HEALTH BENEFITS
[45] Messina, M., Nagata, C., & Applegate, G. A. (2006). . The role of soy products in reducing risk of cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 98(5), 359-371. DOI
[46] Riestra, P., Garcia-Closas, R., Perez-Gladaneux, G., et al. (2003). . Dietary sources of nitrogen N-nitroso compounds in the Spanish European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 72(4), 1317-1320. DOI